Module 1: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

Duration: 3 weeks

Relevant Projects: Student Gradebook Manager (Python Project 4), Home Automation System (Robotics Project 3)

Overview:
Students learn core OOP principles (classes, objects, inheritance) to design reusable and modular code.
 
Objective:

• Design classes. Create classes with attributes/methods (e.g., BankAccount).

• Implement inheritance. Build hierarchical relationships between classes.

• Apply encapsulation. Control access to data using private/public methods.

 
Sample code:
class BankAccount:
    def __init__(self, owner, balance=0):
        self.owner = owner
        self.balance = balance

    def deposit(self, amount):
        if amount > 0:
            self.balance += amount
            print(f"Deposited ${amount}. New balance: ${self.balance}")

account = BankAccount("Alice")
account.deposit(100)

Module 3: Data Structures – Lists, Dictionaries, and Sets

Duration: 2 weeks

Relevant Projects: Personal Finance Tracker (Python Project 1), Flashcard Quiz App (Python Project 2)

Overview:
Deep dive into Python data structures for dynamic data management.
 
Objective:

• Manage collections. Use dictionaries for key-value pairs (e.g., contacts).

• Iterate efficiently. Loop through lists/dictionaries with clean syntax.

• Apply sets. Handle unique items and perform set operations.

Sample code:
contacts = {}
def add_contact(name, number):
    contacts[name] = number

Module 3: Data Structures – Lists, Dictionaries, and Sets

Duration: 2 weeks

Relevant Projects: Personal Finance Tracker (Python Project 1), Flashcard Quiz App (Python Project 2)

Overview:
Deep dive into Python data structures for dynamic data management.
 
Objective:

• Manage collections. Use dictionaries for key-value pairs (e.g., contacts).

• Iterate efficiently. Loop through lists/dictionaries with clean syntax.

• Apply sets. Handle unique items and perform set operations.

Sample code:
contacts = {}
def add_contact(name, number):
    contacts[name] = number

Python Project 2: Flashcard Quiz App

Duration: 3 weeks
​
Overview:
Students develop a flashcard application that lets them create and review quiz questions with answers.
​
Objective:

• Build CRUD logic. Implement functionality to create, view, edit, and delete flashcards.

• Interactive testing. Allow users to test themselves and receive feedback.

• Optional GUI. Use Tkinter for a visual interface if desired.

​
Sample code:
flashcards = {"Capital of France": "Paris", "5 + 7": "12"}
for question, answer in flashcards.items():
    user_answer = input(question + ": ")
    if user_answer.lower() == answer.lower():
        print("Correct!")
    else:
        print(f"Wrong! The correct answer is {answer}")

Python Project 4: Student Gradebook Manager

Duration: 3 weeks

Overview:
Create a system to manage students' grades across multiple subjects, allowing calculations of GPA and performance analysis.
​
Objective:

• Use OOP. Design classes for students and grades.

• Analyze data. Provide grade averages, highest/lowest subjects.

• Enable storage. Save records in files or use a database (optional).

​
Sample code:
class Student:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        self.grades = {}
    def add_grade(self, subject, grade):
        self.grades[subject] = grade
    def average(self):
        return sum(self.grades.values()) / len(self.grades)
s = Student("Alice")
s.add_grade("Math", 85)
s.add_grade("Science", 90)
print(s.average())

Robotics Project 1: Line Following Robot

Duration: 4 weeks

Overview:
Build a robot that uses IR sensors to detect and follow a black line.
​
Objective:

• Use IR sensors. Calibrate and use IR sensors for line detection.

• Motor control. Adjust direction and speed based on sensor input.

• Conditional logic. Apply control statements to follow the line.

​
Sample code:
# Pseudo-code for motor control
if left_sensor and not right_sensor:
    turn_left()
elif right_sensor and not left_sensor:
    turn_right()
else:
    go_straight()

Robotics Project 3: Home Automation System

Duration: 5 weeks

Overview:
A system to control home appliances (LEDs/relays) using a microcontroller and web interface.
​
Objective:

• GPIO control. Use GPIO to control appliances.

• Build UI. Use Flask or a simple web app.

• Combine hardware & software. Integrate physical control and digital interface.

​
Sample code:
@app.route("/toggle")
def toggle():
    GPIO.output(pin, not GPIO.input(pin))
    return redirect("/")

Robotics Project 5: Voice-Controlled Robot

Duration: 6 weeks

Overview:
A robot that responds to voice commands such as “forward”, “stop”, “left”, and “right”.
 
Objective:

• Speech recognition. Convert speech to text commands.

• Interpret commands. Parse text to determine actions.

• Robot control. Map voice input to movement.

Sample code:
import speech_recognition as sr
r = sr.Recognizer()
with sr.Microphone() as source:
    print("Say a command: ")
    audio = r.listen(source)
    command = r.recognize_google(audio)
    if "forward" in command:
        move_forward()

Module 2: File Handling and Data Persistence

Duration: 2 weeks

Relevant Projects: Personal Finance Tracker (Python Project 1), Student Gradebook Manager (Python Project 4)

Overview:
Students read/write to files (text, CSV) and handle data persistence.
 
Objective:

• Read/write files. Use open(), with blocks for file operations.

• Error handling. Manage exceptions (e.g., FileNotFoundError).

• Store structured data.Save/retrieve data in CSV or JSON formats.

Sample code:
def save_high_score(score, filename="scores.txt"):
    try:
        with open(filename, "a") as file:
            file.write(f"{score}\n")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")

Module 4: Simple Game Development with Pygame

Duration: 2 weeks

​

Relevant Projects: Almost all 20 projects are using libraries

​

Overview:

Students will be introduced to basic game development using the Pygame library.

They will design a simple interactive game involving sprite movement, collision detection, and user input handling.

​

Objective:

• Use Libraries

• Understand CSV format basics

• Encourage clean code and good variable naming

• How to handle invalid or missing data.

​

Sample Code:

import pygame

pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))

pygame.display.set_caption("Simple Game")

player = pygame.Rect(50, 50, 40, 40)

velocity = 5

running = True

while running:

for event in pygame.event.get():

if event.type == pygame.QUIT:

running = False

keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:

player.x -= velocity

if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:

player.x += velocity

screen.fill((255, 255, 255))

pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 255), player)

pygame.display.update()

pygame.quit()

Python Project 1: Personal Finance Tracker

Duration: 3 weeks

Overview:
Students will build a personal finance tracker that allows users to input daily expenses, categorize them (e.g., food, travel, utilities), and view reports.

Objective:

• Apply file handling. Students will write to and read from text/CSV files to store financial data.

• Categorize data. Use dictionaries and lists to manage different expense categories.

• Analyze spending. Implement basic functions to calculate totals and generate category-wise reports.

Sample code:
expenses = {}
def add_expense(category, amount):
    if category in expenses:
        expenses[category] += amount
    else:
        expenses[category] = amount
add_expense("Food", 20.5)
add_expense("Travel", 15.0)
add_expense("Food", 10.0)
for category, total in expenses.items():
    print(f"{category}: ${total}")

Python Project 3: Simple LAN Chat App

Duration: 4 weeks

Overview:
Students will create a simple messaging system where two users can chat over a local network.
​
Objective:

• Introduce networking. Use Python’s socket module to create server-client communication.

• Implement threading. Allow asynchronous message exchange using threading.

• Learn communication protocols. Understand basics of TCP/IP.

​
Sample code:
import socket
s = socket.socket()
s.bind(("", 12345))
s.listen(1)
c, addr = s.accept()
while True:
    msg = c.recv(1024).decode()
    print("Client:", msg)

Python Project 5: Weather Dashboard using API

Duration: 3 weeks

Overview:
A Python-based weather app that fetches and displays live weather info using a third-party API.
​
Objective:

• Work with APIs. Use requests to fetch data from an online weather API.

• Parse JSON. Read and format JSON data returned by the API.

• Display data. Print or visualize the data. Optionally use a GUI.

​
Sample code:
import requests
city = input("Enter city: ")
response = requests.get(f"http://api.weatherapi.com/v1/current.json?key=API_KEY&q={city}")
data = response.json()
print(f"{city}: {data['current']['temp_c']}C")

Robotics Project 2: Smart Obstacle Avoider

Duration: 4 weeks

Overview:
Students build a robot that uses ultrasonic sensors to detect and avoid obstacles.
​
Objective:

• Measure distances. Use ultrasonic sensors to calculate proximity.

• Avoid obstacles. Stop or change direction on close detection.

• Real-time control. Write responsive and efficient logic.

​
Sample code:
distance = measure_distance()
if distance < 10:
    stop()
    turn_right()
else:
    move_forward()

Robotics Project 4: Face Detection Security System

Duration: 5 weeks

Overview:
Use a camera and Python to detect and log faces at the entrance.
 
Objective:

• Use OpenCV. Capture and process real-time video.

• Detect faces. Use Haar cascades to recognize faces.

• Log activity. Save images of detected faces.

Sample code:
import cv2
face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier("haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml")
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while True:
    _, frame = cap.read()
    faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(frame, 1.3, 5)
    for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
        cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (255, 0, 0), 2)
    cv2.imshow('img', frame)